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In the US it's roughly a tie between road transportation and energy generation (which lumps together both heat and electricity).
(Source: University of Michigan https://css.umich.edu/publications/factsheets/sustainability-indicators/carbon-footprint-factsheet)
The global breakdown is similar: https://www.wri.org/insights/4-charts-explain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-countries-and-sectors
The solutions? Build mass transit, live in temperate climates, buy less stuff, ...? Honestly, I don't think we're not going to fix the problem with simple, local improvements (though by all means do what you can). There are global demographic forces to contend with. A century ago there were 2 billion people on earth. Now there are >8 billion, and in my lifetime we will surpass 9 billion. Many of those people are climbing out of poverty, and they want cars and air conditioners and all the other energy-intensive things that rich countries have enjoyed for a century. IMO we're going to need massive technological changes (like powering much of the world with nuclear very soon) in concert with a major population reduction and/or major changes to how people expect to live.
Nuclear is: very slow to make, very expensive, generates dangerous waste, invites proliferation.
Wind and solar are quick, relatively much cheaper, create little waste. The sun is forever.
Personal transportation needs a complete redesign. Burning fossil fuel at 20% efficiency (80% waste) to push a 4000lb. vehicle with a 200lb person in it is insane. Personal electric vehicles of 200-300 lbs tracking defined lanes at 20mph under computer control would take care of 80-90% of urban travel needs. And greatly reduce the number of roads needed.
I'm curious about how CO2 emissions from road construction in the US compares to that of Europe (adjusted for scale, obviously).
Concrete creates A LOT of CO2, and after driving a lot in both US and EU roads I can say that US roads involve a lot more concrete.
EDIT: Autocomplete and autocorrect is even worse at this than I am..
Side note: If worrying about climate isn't enough, we can also worry about potential famine as we use up our fossil fuels.
We are able to feed the world because of the Haber-Bosch process. This process uses fossil fuels, usually natural gas, to produce synthetic ammonia for fertilizer. That fertilizer makes modern high-yield farming possible. "Without the Haber-Bosch process we would only be able to produce around two-thirds the amount of food we do today."
https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/features/cewctw-fritz-haber-and-carl-bosch-feed-the-world/