Have you installed apt-transport-https? See stackoverflow answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/38004106
If that does not work, cut that long chained command where you install the chrome drivers in to smaller steps. I think that it where it fails?
If that does not work, remove the code from the place where it starts to fail, build the image and start the image interactive so you are in its command line. From there run the troubled code. It might give you some more clues.
I remember one time that I was in a traffic jam in the city that I was not familiar in. There where two lanes. I needed to go to the right so I went to the right lane. I waited and waited. The left lane already were driving. And then the car in front of me turned off his lights. The person left the car. Weird.. I was between parked cars. I was there for a good 10 minutes.