You use a solvent that is stronger than what you want to remove, but not so strong that it also removes the thing you're trying to clean.
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That's the answer. Figure out what you need and wear PPE as necessary.
Aqua regia and safety squint!
Ngl I have mixed aqua regia to clean out my pestle and mortar in a lab course once. Shit went from uncleanable to clean really quick. H_2O_2 + conc. HCl is sufficient for most extreme cleaning needs tho.
Depends on what I'm cleaning for. Countertop? Just a basic surfectant and done. Bathroom? Diluted Bleach. Aerospace equipment? Assuming CRES, I'm first running the item through an ultrasonic cleaner with a mild detergent, then ultrasonically cleaning again with DI water, then passivating per AMS2700, Method 2 in a FOD protected area or low-grade clean room.
I've never used one myself, but autoclaves are a thing nobody's mentioned yet.
Edit: it occurs to me that I have used one before, if sterilizing food with a pressure canner counts.
To quote an old teacher: "there hasn't been a counter so dirty a little benzene can't clean it!"
I had access to a laminar flow hood at work, so I cleaned the dust off my phone and installed a new screen protector inside it. That was the best screen protector installation I ever did. Being able to ensure you've removed 100% of particles from the screen really makes a difference haha