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Thanks for the thorough explanation! Interesting stuff, the examples really helped me see the many different ways an attack could work.
Anyone who has services open to the internet sees constant attacks in their log files. I bet I could pull some attacks right now that are less than twenty minutes old.
fail2ban is a common software on Linux that helps defend against these attacks. When someone fails to log into your service three times, it bans their IP permanently. It's generally issuing many bans a day.
They absolutely do scan every IP.
It's debated whether software like fail2ban actually helps or if it just makes attacks visible that would anyways fail if you have up to date software. Oftentimes, defensive software adds attack-surface because it adds more software that can be targeted by attackers.
Fail2ban might help with protecting against exploiting of bad passwords though.
Tar pitting, rate limiting, banning failed attempts, are all critical security measures. If you let somebody try passwords, login attempts, with infinite speed, allow people to brute force your systems, you will get exploited
Even if you don't get exploited, you can get asymmetrically DOSed. It takes a lot of compute power to deal with an authentication attempt, and not much compute power to put in a failed request
I totally agree about rate limiting, mostly against bad passwords that you are not in control of. But banning failed attempts is mostly not interesting if you ask me. It feels like the right thing to do, but IP addresses can change and other measures are better.
I agree. No ban should be permanent, just increasingly larger timeouts. If it's a legitimate user they'll have some other channel to reach out to to unban the IP