Are all my drives bad?
It seems more likely that your usb adapter is at fault here ...
this post was submitted on 01 Jul 2023
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using dd to zero a drive - is not a secure way to delete the data. It could potentially be recovered.
You mount filesystems, but you are accessing the device directly, so you are not using the filesystem, so no need to mount.
As the other comment mentions, it sounds like a controler issue. monitor the output of sudo dmesg -w as you are doing the work on them.
need to have them “professionally” destroyed at about $25 a drive.
A Hammer is about $5 and will destroy them. :)
For the vast majority of people, writing zeroes to the disk is good enough. Even nation states and other advanced attackers would need a good amount of luck to get anything useful off a single pass zeroed HDD.
If you really need more than that, then there are various standards and recommendations for multiple passes of random/zeros/ones. Or just go the destructive route.
Of course SSDs are a totally different scenario. Writing zeroes is not sufficient or recommended for those. Generally, the secure erase command is the best way. However, this requires trusting that the firmware does that properly. If you don't trust the firmware, destructive is the only option.
I don't expect I am the target of a nation-state or large corporation.
I prefer shred for erasing magnetic drives. dd can work too, but its options are arcane enough that it's easy to make mistakes that lead to weird behavior.
If that doesn't fix the unexpected size problem, I would suspect the USB bridge in your dock. Those things are notoriously buggy.
Connecting directly with SATA is a more reliable approach. It also lets you use hdparm to tell the drive to run a secure erase cycle on itself.
Could be a bad dock or usb controller, try a different one. Otherwise just snap the sata connector off, and most people will not bother to get anything off.