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It's crazy how efficient LEDs are. They are a little bit more expensive but you'll save it on your energy bill over time and you'll have to replace them less.
People also don't realize how much of their energy bill is heat & air conditioning. If you don't have pets, turn your heat off or way down while you're at work. Just make sure it stays above freezing and above the dewpoint. If you can get any smart thermostat for cheap, they'll save you a ton of money over the long run if you're like me and constantly forget to set the temperature before you leave for work.
Also, thick drapes work wonders at keeping the cold out of cheap windows. You can get them and the hardware to hang them pretty cheap from goodwill. You can also wrap them in Saran wrap if you really want to keep the cold out. They sell kits, but painters tape and a cling film are way cheaper if you can hide them behind some drapes.
https://youtu.be/tbq6uZ9Y0nQ?si=m1Z9kp21PTQFhGnx
I’d be careful about the HVAC thing. I read somewhere a while back that it can cost more to change temperature than to just leave it slightly lower/higher and just wear a sweater or just shorts and a T shirt. Changing temperature is especially expensive if you’re drawing more electricity during peak times to make that change, like getting home from work at 6pm or so, when rates are higher. If you have a small apartment it may not be so bad to change the temp in a smaller volume of space.
YMMV, check your rates and times you’d be changing temp. Wear a sweater or strip as much as is feasible.
Excluding variable energy pricing, it's much more energy efficient to only heat and cool your home while you're actually at home.
Think of it like a tea kettle. It's definitely not energy efficient to keep the water boiling for the hours when you're not home just because you might want a cuppa when you get home. The only benefit keeping the water hot is to brew your next cup quicker. The water is cooling off at the same rate it would if the heater was off, but energy is being pumped into it to keep it hot and therefore it is constantly losing energy.
This is also assuming your HVAC's coefficient of performance is constant, which it's not, but it still generally is way better to avoid heating and cooling while you're away from home, especially if you live in an older less insulated home.
If you do have variable energy pricing, that can change things, and that's when a smart thermostat can really save you money. Instead of heating and cooling around your schedule, you do it around the pricing treating your house like a battery. See: https://youtu.be/0f9GpMWdvWI?si=LjiAjNf6t8cU8OZ2
This video really only really works if your home is relatively well insulated (as he points out). If it's not well insulated, you'll be uncomfortable basically all the time.
Generally if you're on a variable rate it's better to set the thermostat closer to the outside temperature when you're gone for more than 5 hours. If you're not on a variable rate, that break even point is like 30 minutes.