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In your second link it contradicts what you say about it not mattering if it’s true, right below the section you quoted:
“If the act relates to matters of public interest and has been conducted solely for the benefit of the public, the truth or falsity of the alleged facts shall be examined, and punishment shall not be imposed if they are proven to be true. (See Article 230-2 of the Criminal Code). Article 32 of the Criminal Code provides for the Statute of Limitations for filing a criminal action for defamation which shall prescribe in ten (10) years.”
Yes, if you only consider the letter of the law. But the spirit of the law and the pro-business, pro-those-in-power courts rarely rule in the individual's favor. The laws weren't made for you the individual.
Don't Get Sued! Libel, Slander, and Defamation Laws in Japan
More relevant discussion here about the concept of face.
edit: Key comment here:
"The law in Japan has a cultural and legal background in much older laws about "damage to honour". Anything that damages someone's social standing, regardless of whether a specific claim is being made, is not on and is liable to be considered defamatory. Further, the lack of a specific claim makes the "truth and public interest" bar much, much harder to meet since you can't claim that your statement was truthful or in the public interest if there's no specific claim the business or person can respond to. If you're just being insulting you're one a one-way trip to a legal spanking."
I live in Japan and self censor what I say online, avoid leaving negative but truthful business reviews, because there is a very real risk of being sued for libel.
Edit 2: I dug up some China specific info: "In Understanding and Application of the 1993 Answers, the SPC [Supreme People's Court] clarified that truth was NOT a defense to defamation. If a work insults and damages a person’s reputation, it is defamatory even if true."
I'm having trouble finding more info about the specifics of the ruling in the Tesla case (AP, CBS, English media don't provide any info), but I'd bet my dollarydoos that the ruling relates to the Chinese civil code concerning the rights of 'reputation' and 'honor' of Tesla being infringed in this instance. The AP article misses a lot of this nuance and detail, which is unfortunate. Something like The Atlantic or the Economist, Foreign Affairs (or NYT 20 years ago) with long form articles and investigative journalism from the days of old might have provided this detail, but these days BBC, CNN, et al care more about click-thru rates so we don't get the full picture.