Apache Guacamole might be a good option. "Clientless" (browser-based), supports various mfa, uses ssh/vnc/rdp on the backend.
However, if the data on that machine is sensitive, or if that machine has access to other sensitive things on your network, I'd suggest caution in allowing remote access from untrusted machines on the wider internet.
If you're genuinely worried about this, you shouldn't be using untrusted machines for remote access.