Hello friends!
For awhile now I've wanted to delve into self-hosting and the first thing I thought of was ditching my VPN Provider for my own VPN solution.
I wanted to ask about the cost/benefit of each option with those of you who are more experienced.
Option One: Stick with my VPN Provider:
This is a funky case, as my VPN Provider is with Proton, and my email and VPN accounts are linked together. Since I've been with them for awhile, I have over a gigabyte of storage for emails. I rarely ever get past 400MB. The VPN is fine, occasionally I have some hiccups with speed but it overall works. I pay roughly $19.20/month for both a paid email account and the VPN service, so it's likely the second cheapest. When it comes to privacy, though, I'm not 100% sold Proton wouldn't just sell my data for no reason. Yes, they are Swiss, but that doesn't entirely reassure me.
The weird thing about this is my PiHole is decoupled from the VPN. At least in the mobile app, I see no option to use your own DNS. There's also no provided way nor really an obvious way for me to connect to all of my devices if they're all on ProtonVPN, as opposed to the other two options.
Option Two: Just use Tailscale
Personally I'd like to mess with the ACLs so probably I'd wind up with the $6/month plan. For the $18/month plan I don't really know what "Tailscale SSH" even means, as I don't know what magic they do to wrap SSH into something worth paying for. I've heard mixed things about "Tailscale Funnel."
I hear Tailscale is easy to install and there's no real extra fidgeting you'd have to do for your home network. Tailscale will also let me use my PiHole as my DNS, getting me ad-blocking from PiHole on all devices on Tailscale.
Option Three: Self-Hosted Headscale
This is one I'm interested in, but I don't know the feasibility of it. The initial idea was to get a VPS and install OpenBSD on it and make it my Headscale instance. I've installed OpenBSD before, I mostly know my way around it and I like how lightweight it is and how security focused it is. There would be more setup initially, but I don't really mind that. I do a lot of fidgeting on my Linux desktop anyway.
The main thing for this is cost. I don't really know what performance specs for a VPS I would need to reasonably have good network performance with ~10 devices, though I'm guessing I'll have to have something =<10Gbsp. So maybe $25-$30/month depending on who I buy a VPS through?
The other thing is updating stuff. I can just SSH and do all of that manually and since the VPS will be dedicated specifically to being a Headscale server, but that is still time I have to spend.
Lastly, I wouldn't have the international selection of VPN locations like with a VPN provider, just one, but it's not like I'm trying to bounce my connection from country and that's not advisable anyway.
Other options
Setting up a VPS with Wireguard myself. While I wouldn't mind it too much, Tailscale exists for a reason and it can traverse firewalls without me having to configure a bunch of devices so that's a big plus.
Running Headscale in a container on my Linux desktop, but this means my desktop would have to be on almost 24/7 and I don't know how I feel about having my VPN stuff to be sitting directly inside my home network.
What are your opinions?
Have a read through https://tailscale.com/blog/how-nat-traversal-works/
You, and many commenters are pretty confused about out tailscale/Headscale work.
Ah, well damn. Is there a way to achieve this while using Tailscale as well, or is that even recommended?
Eh, no. You have a good point there. I mean in a more perfect world that would be wonderful, but that's not the case.
Is there a way to achieve what? Force tailscale to route all traffic through the DERP servers? I don't know, and I don't know why you'd want to. When my laptop is at home on the same network as my file-server, I certainly don't want tailscale sending filserver traffic out to my Headscale server on the Internet just to download it back to my laptop on the same network it came from. I want NAT traversal to allow my laptop and file-server to negotiate the most efficient network path that works for them... whether that's within my home lab when I'm there, across the internet when I'm traveling, or routing through the DERP server when no other option works.
OpenVPN or vanilla Wireguard are commonly setup with simple hub-and-spoke routing topologies that send all VPN traffic through "the VPN server", but this is generally slower path than a direct connection. It might be imperceptibly slower over the Internet, but it will be MUCH slower than the local network unless you do some split-dns shenanigans to special-case the local-network scenario. With Tailscale, it all more or less works the same wherever you are which is a big benefit. Of course excepting if you have a true multigigabit network at home and the encryption overhead slows you down... Wireguard is pretty fast though and not a problematic throughout limiter for the vast majority of cases.
No no, sorry. I mean can I still have all my network traffic go through some VPN service (mine or a providers) while Tailscale is activated?
So if I'm torrenting something, I don't have to turn off Tailscale on that device and switch on a VPN before I start the torrent process?
I'm going to guess either "no" or "yes, on paper, it's possible."
Tailscale just partnered with Mullvad so this works out of the box for that setup: https://tailscale.com/blog/mullvad-integration/
For others, it's a "yes on paper" situation. It will probably often not work out of the box, but it seems likely to be possible as an advanced configuration. At the end of the line of possibilities, it would definitely be possible to set up a couple of docker containers as one-armed routers, one with your VPN and one with Tailscale as an exit node. Then they can each have their own networking stack and you can set up your own routes and DNS delegating only the necessary bits to each one. That's a pretty advanced setup and you may not have the knowhow for it, but it demonstrates what's possible.
Ah I literally saw that post here a few days ago! How could I forget about that? I might just switch over to Mullvad. Way cheaper, I can downgrade the Proton account I have (I'll still use their email service until I have time and figure out how to self-host my own email) and I can use Mullvads encrypted DNS servers until I can configure DNS-over-HTTPS + Unbound on my PiHole.