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I want to learn designing IOT PCBs (with 2.4Ghz wireless) (lemmy.ml)

submitted 5 days ago by [email protected] to c/[email protected]

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Hi all! I'm a firmware developer with little knowledge in analog electronics.. I deal with firmware for IOT projects all the time.

I had to make a breakout board with an off the shelf RF module with self contained PCB antenna. Now I'm intrigued in the hardware side. I'm inclined to design them from scratch myself. (Obviously ignoring the EMI and FCC certifications for the time being).

What concepts should I be familiar with to achieve this? Starting on I figured to brush up on circuit theory and signals. Where do I go from here? What materials would you recommend? Hopefully I don't need to get into hardcore RF theory to design these PCBs (I know kicad already has these premade antenna blocks).

Thank you.

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[–] litchralee 3 points 5 days ago (1 children)

To start, it might be worth reviewing the recommended antenna traces for wireless ICs, since vendors often provide precomputed and validated reference designs in their data sheets. These are often what are made into breakout boards, and there's a lot which can be learned by what these reference designs take into consideration.

I've not specifically done PCB designs with antennas, but I have done my own designs for high-speed differential signals, where the impedance of two traces have to be consistent along their length, whether side-by-side or on opposite sides of the PCB. As you observed, KiCAD can do a lot of this computation but good antenna design means even the pads that attach to the IC also need to be impedance-matched. And that requires both an understanding of where problems arise (eg when traces turn a corner), how to compute the effects (using KiCAD's features), and whether the issue might not even make a big difference in overall performance.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 5 days ago

I see, that reference design suggestion sounds good. And it sounds like there's more practical consideration in tracing/routing on top of the theory.. Thanks for the input!