slake-moth

like how are they able to tell the difference

At the moment it doesn't look like they can. The paper is looking for two things that could make the objects "dark stars". The stars would look like point objects because they would be below JWST's angular resolution. The second is spectroscopic data which the writers don't have:

We note here that the spectra for those four objects, obtained in ref. 28, do not yet confidently identify any spectral lines, as they are too noisy (S/N ∼ 2). Follow-up spectroscopy is required in order to determine the presence of emission/absorption features.

The paper's conclusion summarizes what they are looking for in the lines:

we made predictions for the spectra of those SMDS candidates and suggested smoking gun signatures such as the He II λ1640 absorption line, a feature expected for all SMDSs but not for Pop III/II galaxies. We further note that the spectra of SMDS and early galaxies differ for wavelengths above ∼5 μm, so that future observatories (beyond JWST) might be able to differentiate the two types of objects in this way

EDIT:
I will add from the paper:

There are a set of undetermined parameters that control the formation and evolution of a Dark Star, and ultimately, its observable properties.

In 2022, research on A. humeralis conducted by Dammika Wijekoon and Hemantha Wegiriya of the University of Ruhuna showed that male A. humeralis can look different in color and pattern, highlighting that there can be more secrets in the world of fireflies to be investigated.

The link they use is a OneDrive link when they could have just linked to researchgate

Links to at least a source:
Park solar probe
3D Maat Mons from Magellan data
Venus Express
Mariner 10

An image is only worth a thousand words if you know what you are looking at.

This can be a little confusing.
You may have mistaken the Red Spot and the cyclones near Jupiter's North Pole. The largest of the cyclones (the polar one) is only ~1,864 Miles in diameter.

Even though the southern cyclones are larger, here is an interesting comparison of the US and Texas compared to those.

Here is ESA's post for those who want to read more.

I don't think I have ever heard of DESI.

There is a PSA Announcement at /r/Steam that reads:

As ya'll likely know, we've been dark to support the blackout against reddit's antagonistic behavior towards its own userbase.

The admins sent us a message today saying we must open or get removed, so here we are.

For those of you browsing this subreddit on non-official apps (Reddit is Fun, Apollo, Sync, Boost, etc), they will break on July 1st due to reddit's new policies.

We're opening back up but will leave permanent stickies in the subreddit and threads to keep folks in the know.

Our Discord server is active, don't forget to check it out.

Good luck and god speed.