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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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Ssh x11 forwarding has been a popular system for decades. (Id love to know if wayland options exist yet)
But as other have suggested you need x11 on both systems. It is very inbuilt into the way x11 was originally designed. (From back when we had huge shared servers and dumbish xterm workstations. This means it was designed to do much of the work on the server end with the display being the lower cost less able system.
It will work on a pie. But not with the lite os system as designed.
X11 can be easily forwarded over ssh. You do need to have at least the application you want to forward installed on RPI, possibly X11 as well. You also need a X11 server on the other side.
Without an installed desktop environment on your Pi, you will not be able to use GUI apps, not even remotely. You would have to install it on the Pi first.
For any kind of remote GUI access you definitely need a desktop environment on the pi...
You can launch single applications with X forwarding, and X can launch applications without a desktop.
Depending on needs, a web interface may be better. Like Cockpit or something more application-specific.