Here is my problem: I have an old house - nearly 100 years old - that I need to insulate but I have a few problems and concerns I need to deal with. The walls are essentially stone and an old kind on solid cement block.
I've been looking into the insulation solutions available in my market and it is basically a matter of gluing thick boards of styrofoam-like material to the walls.
On the outwalls this is not feaseable as the house faces a road with no sidewalk, so I'd be encroaching onto the road. Inside, adding 5cm of insulation would make small rooms smaller to the point some would be, for all practical purposes, rendered into generous pantries.
Because I live in a somewhat rural area, mice and rodents are a concern, so adding materials they can chew through makes no sense. It would be like supplying an easy to move through medium to run the entire house. I have seen houses and buildings with this kind of insulation chewed into, the moment the smallest of pieces of the hard plaster gets cracked, which is very easy. The added fire hazard is a concern as well, I'll admit.
I've already seen cork insulation but the base color is always brown and does not deal well with being painted on.
What other options may I look into? I'm in southern Europe but in an area with harsh winters.
It is very common in the US to use foam boards with z furring channels to insulate agaist concrete or similar materials, but using furring channels with just about any type of insulation would work (foam is the most efficient, though). You can then fasten drywall or your typical wall covering to the channels and paint as normal.
Just about any solution will reduce your occupiable space though, or protrude on the exterior. Most jurisdictions in my area are ok with encroaching a few centimeters for the purpose of higher energy efficiency, but I have no idea about your situation.