this post was submitted on 22 Oct 2023
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Alerts are much more important than fancy dashboards. You won't be staring at your dashboard 24/7 and you probably won't be staring at it when bad things happen.
Creating your alert set not easy. Ideally, every problem you encounter should be preceded by corresponding alert, and no alert should be false positive (require no action). So if you either have a problem without being alerted from your monitoring, or get an alert which requires no action - you should sit down and think carefully what should be changed in your alerts.
As for tools - I recommend Prometheus+Grafana. No need for separate AletrManager, as many guides recommend, recent versions of Grafana have excellent built-in alerting. Don't use those ready-to-use dashboards, start from scratch, you need to understand PromQL to set everything up efficiently. Start with a simple dashboard (and alerts!) just for generic server health (node exporter), then add exporters for your specific services, network devices (snmp), remote hosts (blackbox), SSL certs etc. etc. Then write your own exporters for what you haven't found :)
One thing about using Prometheus alerting is that it’s one less link in the chain that can break, and you can also keep your alerting configs in source control. So it’s a little less “click-ops,” but easier to reproduce if you need to rebuild it at a later date.
When you have several Prometheus instances (HA or in different datacenters), setting up separate AlertManagers for each of them is a good idea. But as OP is only beginning his journey to monitoring, I guess he will be setting up a single server with both Prometheus and Grafana on it. In this scenario a separate AlertManager doesn't add reliability, but adds complexity.
As for source control, you can write a simple script using Grafana API to export alert rules (and dashboards as well) and push them to git. Not ideal, sure, but it will work.
Anyway, it's never too late to go further and add AlertManager, Loki, Mimir and whatever else. But to flatten the learning curve I'd recommend starting with Grafana alerts that are much more user-friendly.
Thank you for this. I think I need a deeper understanding of Prometheus. I’ll look into it. You are awesome
Good luck, if you get into it, you'll be unable to stop. Perfecting your monitoring system is a kind of mania :)
One more advice for another kind of monitoring. When you are installing / configuring something on your server - it's handy if you can monitor it's resource usage in real time. And that's why I use MobaXterm as my terminal program. It has many drawbacks, and competitors such as XShell, RoyalTS or Tabby look better in many ways... but it has one killer feature. It shows a status bar with current server load (CPU, RAM, disk usage, traffic) right below your SSH session, so that you don't have to switch to another window to see the effect of your actions. Saved me a lot of potential headache.
It depends, If you have to install lot of stuff or manage a lot of thing it's a good idea to have one but if you mainly do maintenance and you want to have something reliable yes you should have an alerts, for exemple I don't have a lot of thing install and doesn't rly care about reliability so I do everything in terminal, I use arch btw
I was looking at loki+grafana. is prometheus a replacement for loki in this setup and is it preferred?
No, they serve different purposes. Loki is for logs, Prometheus is for metrics. Grafana helps to visualize data from both.
What about InfluxDB? I hear that mentioned around Grafana a lot.
InfluxDB is just a storage. If you have a service that saves metrics to InfluxDB (IIRC, Proxmox can do that), Grafana can read it from there. Grafana can aggregate data from many sources, Prometheus+Loki+InfluxDB+even queries to arbitrary JSON APIs etc.
When you've got a lot of variables, especially when dealing with a distributed system, that importance leans the other way. Visualization and analytics are practically required to debug and tune large systems