I think this should work? I used this method when migrating my plex server to a lxc container.
this post was submitted on 22 Jun 2023
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I accomplished this and found it was pretty easy. Like everyone else said, just point the volumes to the right directories. Backup your Plex data (not the media) a few times in case you screw up and it starts to index existing files as if it were old files.
Probably the hardest part for me was 'claiming' the server using their startup token. And even then that was fairly easy.
You're hosting on Ubuntu so this isn't a problem, but PMS basically requires its own IP on your intranet (not the Docker internal subnet) so Mac's Docker implementation fails to provide this capability.
You can just copy over the Library folder, that should do it. Then set up the plex Docker to use bind mounts instead of volumes and place your old library into that bind mount.
I usually do ~/docker/plex/Library and have the Docker compose file in the ~/docker/plex folder
If you're planning to mount the data directories on the host for your docker setup it should be relatively straight forward I think, docker volumes a little less so. Thinking through it, you'll need to run the container first time with the volumes mounted wherever you like so the container will populate the host mounted data directory with the folder structure, initial database, config file(s) logs, cache, etc. Then it should be as simple as backing up the initial data files just in case, swapping in a copy of the database you've got already got running, the config .xml? I believe, the cache directory, and the logs if you'd like. It's been a while since I've had Plex deployed so I could certainly be missing something though.
Edit: create -> run
I run everything but Plex in docker on a NUC. Plex runs right on my Synology as a package. If you go this route you should know the version in Synology is quite a few releases back, but you can easily do a manual install in package center to get the latest Plex version.
If you use hardware transcoding or similar features, you'll have to find out how to pass the necessary devices through into the docker container!
This tutorial does this (if I read the compose fole right). https://drfrankenstein.co.uk/2021/12/06/plex-in-docker-on-a-synology-nas-hardware-transcoding/
Not sure if it is any good, I haven't tried it.