I see no "hostility" and "talking down" here. You shouldn't be running GUI programs with sudo, and the fact that you've been using Linux for X amount of years doesn't change that.
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Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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I think you can run like this:
$ pkexec env DISPLAY=$DISPLAY XAUTHORITY=$XAUTHORITY <yourapp>
For example, if I wanna open kgx
(a.k.a. Gnome Console), I would run:
pkexec env DISPLAY=$DISPLAY XAUTHORITY=$XAUTHORITY kgx
Emacs can let you edit root files using TRAMP
There's also YaST , but that's an OpenSUSE thing.