this post was submitted on 14 Nov 2023
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HP Z440 workstation, E5-1650V3 (Haswell) power consumption (alien.top)
submitted 1 year ago by [email protected] to c/[email protected]
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Edit: A better title would be: What makes certain machines much more power-efficient than others?

I have the above machine, and the idle power consumption is too high to my liking.

Full specs:

  • HP Z440 workstation
  • Intel C612 chipset
  • Xeon E5-1650V3 CPU (Haswell)
  • 32 GB RAM (4 x 8 GB modules), ECC of course.
  • 512 GB SSD
  • Nvidia Geforce GT 710, 1 GB
  • 2 fans: 1 x CPU + 1 x case. (+ one more in the PSU)

That’s it, nothing else.

It draws about 100-110 W idle. I find this a bit too much.

I understand this is a 140 W TDP CPU, but when I research this topic, every article and comment say the max TDP for the CPU doesn’t matter. That’s just the indication of the consumption at maximum load. At idle, all CPUs should consume minimal power in theory, regardless of the max TDP. Haswell and Broadwell CPUs should be especially power efficient compared to their Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge predecessors.

I’ve also seen a lot of comments that it’s mainly the other components that matter, not the CPU. But I don’t have a lot of components either… The setup is quite minimal.

It’s not just the power consumption that bothers me, but the fact that I don’t understand why! Especially considering that there are examples of servers based on similar or older architecture, consuming as little as 30 W. For example this comment. A server with an Ivy Bridge CPU, E3-1230 v2, idle power consumption 30W. Sure, that CPU is 70 W TDP, not 140 W, but…

But then the saying that “TDP does not matter” can’t be true! It means that the CPU’s TDP does matter, and it matters a lot even when it comes to idle power! End even if it's not true, it still doesn't add up, doesn't explain why my setup has 3-4 times more power draw.

Or the other possibility is that it’s the motherboard. There’s something on the motherboard that servers or other machines don’t have that eats this much power. But what is it?

It just doesn’t add up! The VGA card is about 20W max. I checked. Probably less as it’s not under load. RAM + SSD + fans 20W max, but probably less. And there is nothing else. This means the CPU + motherboard consume at least 60-70 W, but probably more. Why? And what is different in similar machines or servers that consume much less?

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[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago (1 children)

E3-1230v2 is completely different to an E5v2 or an E5v3. The E3’s were all 4-core dies. E5’s were built from two different dies, both of which had well more than 4 cores. The chipset is different between E3 and E5, the memory controller is different, and the PCIe lane count is different. You can’t directly compare an E3 to an E5.

Idle power can be estimated (CPU+RAM+chipset+drives+GPU), but is also majorly affected by:

  • Efficiency of the PSU: big OEMs were pretty good about putting efficient PSUs in their workstation products, but below 10% of rated load capacity, efficiency will be crap. Exactly how crap, depends on the specific PSU.
  • BIOS settings: there are a dozen different BIOS settings that can dramatically change how the CPU behaves, and the defaults vary for each system. Sometimes the defaults do not allow the processor to throttle all the way back under low load.

Your measured power consumption of 100W at low/no load is about what I’d expect. Can you reach lower? Maybe with the right combination of settings, and switching to slower/lower voltage memory, and making sure that the GPU is also throttling down, you could reach 65-80W idle. But I wouldn’t expect less than that.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago

Thanks for your comment!

This is the kind of info I was looking for.

I’m not only looking to find out how to reduce the consumption of this specific machine (although that is a goal too), but want to better understand what hidden factors affect power consumption. Why can seemingly similar machines have very different power characteristics.

Based on your comment, some of the hidden factors that I wasn’t aware of may be:

  • CPU cores. More cores might draw more at idle regardless of max TDP.
  • Chipset, memory controllers, and PCIe lanes.
    • Notes: I have just checked the chipset on Intel’s website, and it says TDP is 7W. I’m not sure whether it is indicative of the total power draw a motherboard with said chipset. There may be other stuff on the board, even if we don’t count the integrated peripherals, like an Ethernet card.
  • PSU efficiency, especially at low loads.
    • Notes: If I want a low power system, I should use a PSU with a low power rating and high efficiency. The Z440 came with either a 700W or a 550W PSU. I don’t know which one mine has at the moment.
    • Would be interesting to test the system with an efficient, 200-400 W PSU…
  • BIOS settings that affect the CPU’s behaviour and low power modes.
    • Note, idea: There might be other differences in how different motherboards and different BIOS’s handle other system components in terms of their power saving modes. PCIe lanes, USB slots, and pretty much everything has power saving modes nowadays.
  • Memory voltage and speed.
  • GPU power saving states.

Thanks again for your comment. These are great ideas. I can imagine these can add up too and make a big difference when combined.