this post was submitted on 10 Nov 2023
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arm's biggest obstacle is still its inability to scale up. it can only scale out. intel and amd builds a cpu core that works at anywhere from 1ghz to 6ghz, in a variety of consumer devices or enterprise servers, and a variety of power and cooling profiles. arm builds cpu cores that target low-medium power applications and only that.
Everything you said applies to ARM more than a decade ago. R&D money from over hundreds of billions of battery-limited devices has changed that. Of which Apple has sold over 2.32 billion $429-1599 iPhones
AMD dispelled the megahertz myth, now the gigahertz myth, in the 90s. I should know, I read the online forum posts about it in real time.
3rd gen Apple Silicon hits 4.05 GHz at under 45W.
1st gen Qualcomm Spandragon X Elite hits 4.2GHz at under 80W.
1st 6GHz Intel chip used 250W.
When ~80% of PCs annually shipped globally are battery-powered laptops then a desktop achievement of that magnitude is very relevant to more people.
Both likely does more per clock cycle than x86. As both have larger/more complex cores.
AWS Graviton
Fugaku became the fastest supercomputer in the world in the June 2020 TOP500 list as well as becoming the first ARM architecture-based computer to achieve this.
What x86 has an advantage of is sheer number of software it has over ARM. But that is also changing as more people buy into it. It will accelerate as soon as Windows on Snapdragon 2016-2024 exclusivity expires