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If there's hidden segregation in education, as it was with Jews in USSR, then universities doing less of it will become better over time.

(I mean - this effect has sort of receded by now, but in today's Russia all education kinda slowly rots. There are exceptions, which are mostly connected to specific passionate people.)

And affirmative action is hard to do right, and from what I've heard, it's not done right in the USA.

The right way is similar to support groups and employment help groups.

Having a list of protected groups is wrong for two reasons - it doesn't protect at all those who haven't made it into that list, first, and making a group protected also cements its definition, makes an arbitrary border for it, second.

So - applying force, as in such laws, may feel intuitively more powerful, but it's not.

Also laws meant to protect may actually in obscure ways cement a certain group's disadvantaged position. The best policy is no special cases and minimization of blocking and gatekeeping, so that if for members of some group things don't work somewhere, there's enough alternatives so that they'd find a way. That is harder, but known to work. Unlike preferential treatment.

There is a comment with percentage of Asian students here too, where they are represented more than in population. Is there no racism against Asians? Is there any affirmative action in their favor?