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or they could run on propane, which doesn't make a whole lot of particulates in the first place and is cheaper anyway
I'm talking big trucks not forklifts.
out there plenty of people run their cars on LPG, most of taxis in Warsaw are hybrids running on propane because it's cheapest fuel in most efficient vehicle in urban conditions
it's pretty common in US too, just not in private vehicles https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autogas#/media/File:2020_Global_Autogas_Consumption.svg
I worked in the lumber business in the US for a while, and we didn't have access to LP fuel anywhere I knew of, and LP trucks for purchase were unheard of, and I can't imagine where I could even get one serviced. It's an LP desert where I am
Just my personal experience.
I heard some of that is popular along southern border (AZ?)
IIRC from /r/Europe discussion, propane is also not uncommon as a fuel in Turkey.
kagis
Yeah:
https://auto-gas.net/mediaroom/turkey-leads-autogas-consumption-in-europe/
I’m assuming the engine would need some modification to run propane? If not to the cylinders themselves, to the fuel supply? I assume propane would be largely similar to LNG vehicles? I really only see that on city buses and assumed there was a range reason for that.
Propane is way less energy dense per volume than diesel, so it isn't feasible for long-haul trucking. CNG/LNG is more energy dense than propane, but still nowhere near that of diesel fuel, which is why you see it in busses and garbage trucks. I know a few massive fleets (UPS comes to mind) that use CNG for some of their local routes, but that is probably more for the "green" optics than anything else.
propane is like 3/4 density of petrol and gram per gram carries more energy (propane 0.58g/ml, petrol 0.7ish g/ml) it's slightly greener because it contains more hydrogen so more energy per carbon emissions
LNG is cryogenic, has even lower density (0.41 to 0.5 g/ml depending on temperature) and CNG is less dense still depending on pressure
petrol engines need little modification, what is def necessary is another tank for LPG. different fuel supply system is required, but if original is kept in place either petrol or LPG can be used as needed. propane is a liquid under pressure and much denser than gaseous compressed methane, and not cryogenic like LNG. diesel engines can also be converted, but it gets harder and requires either small amount of normal diesel used or installation of spark plugs (it's still diesel cycle)